Dr. Lee’s main research interests include energy harvesting (EH) device design, topology optimization, robust design, and reliability based design optimization. Based on the design optimization technology, he has passionately conducted researches on energy harvesting devices for a battery-free small electronics system. He continues his work on researching multidisciplinary engineering design topics considering (i) piezoelectric, electromagnetic, hydroelectric energy conversion, and (ii) uncertainty and randomness of ambient energy. Design optimization methodologies such as topology optimization can be utilized for effective material usage and higher energy conversion efficiency. His long term research goals embrace: (i) durable and sustainable energy harvester design, (ii) system level embodiment of the harvester for system monitoring and energy savings.