Jonathan Singer’s primary research interest is the generation of hierarchically structured materials via scalable micro/nanomanufacturing processes to incorporate the extraordinary properties of nanostructures into complex geometries. This is accomplished through combinations of “bottom-up” and “top-down” lithographic techniques. Such hybrid techniques shift the burden of high resolution patterning to a high-throughput process, while retaining a sufficient degree of control for targeted applications in, for example, alternative energy, microrobotics, and medical implants