Solid State Electronics. He has carried out applied research in a number of areas including solid state devices, integrated circuits, thin film materials, semiconductor sensors and photovoltaics. His specific contributions have been in the areas of Schottky barriers, semiconductor surface and interface modification, electrical properties of thin films, photovoltaic junctions, radiation effects in semiconductor devices and translinear circuits. Current research activities include low energy ion bombardment phenomena at semiconductor surfaces, atomic hydrogen effects in silicon and applications, and ion implantation-induced defects in semiconductors. He has been actively promoting defect and impurity engineering in semiconductors through MaterialsResearch Society symposia